Cassel Hospital & Charitable Trust Timeline

1921
The Cassel Hospital for Functional Nervous Disorders was opened in May

Dr Thomas Arthur Ross (1875-1941) was appointed the hospital’s first Medical Director. The hospital could accommodate 60 (other sources say 54) patients who were members of the educated classes unable to afford treatment in a nursing home. It was initially conceived that the hospital would focus on the treatment of…
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1927
A separate nurses’ home constructed

This was constructed in the place of the stables and coachman’s quarters to increase space for the growing number of patients within the house.

1930
Treatment for a variety of mental disorders begins

This included psychosomatic conditions, depression, obsessional neurosis, drug addiction, anorexia, anxiety states and hysteria. The treatments were eclectic. There was interpretative therapy for long-term patients, while short-term patients were treated by education of persuasive methods. Patients were not encouraged to speak to the nurses about their illnesses, but to associate…
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1931
Further alterations increased hospital accommodation to 64 patients

Further alterations to the building allowed the hospital to accommodate up to 64 patients.

1940
Hospital evacuated during World War II

This is because Swaylands was requisitioned by the army and so the Hospital was evacuated to temporary premises at Ash Hall in Stoke-on-Trent. 

1946
Arrival of Dr Tom Main as medical director

The arrival of Dr Tom Main as medical director. Dr Tom Main was determined to develop it as a therapeutic community to treat personality disorders He is particularly remembered for his often cited paper The Ailment(1957) Doreen Weddell also arrived as Matron at the same time.

1947
The Cassel Foundation purchased the Lawrence Hall Hotel

This hotel was a late 18th-century building originally known as Morgan House, at Ham Common in Richmond.

1948
Hospital reopens and idea of therapeutic community developed

The hospital became part of the NHS under the control of the South West Metropolitan Regional Health Authority. Main was eager to develop the Cassel as a therapeutic community following experiments at the Northfield Military Hospital, a large military psychiatric hospital just outside Birmingham. Matron Doreen Weddell helped Main develop…
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1959
Outpatients’ department opened

New service provided for the local population within 5 miles of the hospital. Patients referred by their own GP. Inpatient capacity is reduced to release staff time to manage this new department.

1974
Hospital transferred to North West Thames Regional Health Authority

The hospital was transferred to the North West Thames Regional Health Authority, under the control of the South Hammersmith (Teaching) District Health Authority. This was following a major reorganisation of the NHS. Even though the Cassel was geographically in Richmond, it was felt that its needs would be better served…
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1982
Hospital under the control of the Mental Health Unit of Riverside District Health Authority

The hospital began to come under the control of the Mental Health Unit of the Riverside District Health Authority in West London. This came after yet another NHS reorganisation. It had 55 beds at this time.

1990
The future of the hospital was in doubt

By this time, the future of the hospital was in doubt. It cost £1.25m a year to run, and the District Health Authority recommended its closure on economic grounds.   Following objection to this plan by former patients, the media, politicians and the general public, the threat was withdrawn in July…
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1993
The hospital started to offer an integrated package of care for adults in Greater London

This combined six months of in-patient treatment followed by two years of group therapy and psychosocial nursing. Channel 4 made a documentary on the Cassel Hospital. Their description reads: “The Cassel is a unique NHS Psychiatric hospital in Surrey. It’s 55 patients actively help in its running. It uses no…
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1994
A separate Adolescent Service was established

The service was set up following months of detailed discussion with nursing and medical staff and parents. They considered how to set up a new adolescent unit within an existing service; how to deal with a group of adolescents; consequent problems of control and ways of ‘ holding’ these people;…
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1995
A new building within the hospital was erected

A new building within the hospital was erected. This building had 25 beds to house 10-13 families. A Children’s Centre provided specialised education and nursery facilities for the children of in-patients. Cassel Patron, HRH Princess Alexandra unveiled a plaque to mark the opening of the new £700,000 family centre with …
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1999
The hospital came under the control of the newly formed Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust

By this time, the hospital had three units which made up the therapeutic community and came under the control of the newly formed Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust. This is now known as West London NHS. These three units were the Adult Service (with 17 beds), the…
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2000
Cassel Hospital Charitable Trust launched

From its earliest days, the Cassel Hospital has been supported by a charity, originally comprising its clinicians, their families and local residents, and notably by the Mountbatten family, as founder Sir Ernest Cassel’s granddaughter Edwina became Lady Mountbatten when she married Louis Mountbatten. The hospital has also enjoyed the royal…
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2006
Local councils and PCT’s no longer required to pay for ‘psycho-social’ treatment

A re-interpretation of Section 38(6) of The Children Act, 1989 by the Lords of Appeal removed the obligation for local councils and Primary Care Trusts to pay for ‘psycho-social’ treatment. This meant that referrals to the hospital began to decline and by 2007, the hospital was once again threatened with…
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2008
The Henderson Hospital closed and its remaining patients transferred to the Cassel Hospital

The Henderson Hospital closed and its remaining patients were transferred to the Cassel Hospital. The hospital continued to provide in-patient and out-patient psychotherapy for families, single adults and adolescents. It was then under the control of the West London Mental Health NHS Trust now known as West London NHS Trust.…
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2010
The Family Service was threatened with closure

The Family Service was threatened with closure because of lack of referrals from the courts and social services. Despite a vigorous campaign to retain this unique service it was closed at the end of 2010. It was the only NHS specialist centre to provide treatment for vulnerable families whose difficulties…
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2016
Sir Normal Lamb MP, visits Cassel

The purpose of the visit of MP, Sir Normal Lamb, was to discuss the need for a more coordinated approach to both the commission and provision of personality disorder services across the country.  

2018
Cassel hosts conference, Princess Alexandra visits and fund launched

Cassel hosts “Shaping the future of personality disorder services” conference. Building on the results of a national survey about personality disorder services, the focus was to set the direction for the development of better treatment and care of those affected by personality disorders over the next 10-15 years. On 70th…
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2019
Launch of the Cassel Garden Campaign

The garden is an important part of the  active therapeutic treatment programme for patients.

2020
Covid lockdown meant hospital was closed to inpatients

Covid lockdown meant hospital was closed to inpatients.  However, patients continued to receive their therapy and treatment and engage with clinical staff remotely. The Cassel nursing team was nominated for an NHS award for the effective way they managed the situation.

2021
Cassel Hospital Centenary

A Centenary Planning Committee was established to bring together present and past staff and patients to develop a ‘Voices of The Cassel’ programme of events and activities to mark the Centenary. Cassel hospital hosted the annual Skellern Lecture. Centenary Quilt – with 100 diamonds to mark each year, produced by…
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